Because of poverty, Zhu Yuanzhang had no schooling since he was a child, and later he was able to become a monk because of drought and plague in his village.
As a result, the famine made Zhu Yuanzhang even a monk unable to be a beggar.
While begging, he made alms all the way. He saw people’s sufferings and got to know all kinds of people, so life became the main reason for his private visit.
At that time, the people in the Yuan Dynasty were in poverty. Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynasty with the support of the peasants. The emperor knew the sufferings of the people very well. After all, he was once suffering, and this man was suspicious. He always thought that officials reported the people’s feelings falsely, and he often visited privately.
Shi Min visited some slums and places where beggars lived on the streets, as well as slave markets. These places were out of sunlight and felt heavy, and he said nothing all the way.
"Where are we going when we get here?"
Shi Min thought about it and said, "Let’s go outside the city. We’ve already seen the sights in the city. It’s better to go to the countryside."
When I came to Tian Xiaolu, I was still in sight. The ears of wheat in the field were not yet mature. The green wheat fluttered in the wind and fell down as soon as the wind blew over the wheat.
There is a big sun on the top of the field, and many farmers are cultivating canals or clearing weeds in the land. Anyway, this busy scene is very hot and finally makes Shi Min feel a little relieved.
When it was hot, Shimin found a shed to enjoy the cool. In the shed, he also exchanged several farmers carrying farm tools from time to time.
Shi Min asked an old farmer, "Laozhang, I see you are still ploughing in such hot weather. It seems that this year’s harvest is guaranteed again."
"Where does the public speak?" The old farmer saw Shi Min dressed up and followed by three followers, knowing that this was a noble family, so he shook his head and said, "It’s a good year. There is more rain than in previous years, and the harvest must be considerable, but this harvest is not ours."
"oh? How do you say this? " Shi Min is a little confused.
"The little old man who doesn’t eat people and fireworks also blames the guild for asking this question." The old farmer sighed faintly and said, "Most of this land was given to us by landlords and grandfathers to cultivate mud legs. We farmers rented their land and naturally had to harvest it to repay it! Every year, the land will be paid to the landlord in proportion to three fifths, and then the tax will be deducted from the government! You said that the harvest is not our harvest! "
"That’s it!"
Farmers sitting next to them enjoying the cool air praised them.
A middle-aged farmer said, "look at your clothes and temperament. The escort listens to your accent. You should be from other places, right?" I don’t know that our mud legs have suffered from exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes, and most of them have been taken over by landlords, officials and gentry. These people are just trying to support their families. In good times, they can barely get by, but when the years are bad, they will starve some people! "
Wen Yan Shimin realized the seriousness of the problem.
Farmers rent the landlord’s land for farming, and they have to collect two-fifths of the land every year, and then they have to pay taxes to the government. This surplus is really not enough for a few people in a family.
"Don’t you have your own land?" Shi Min asked a mouth.
The old farmer added, "I still have a few plots of land with the old man, but they are all idle wasteland and can’t be cultivated!" Where do you farmers have their own land? But the good land has long been seized by those officials and gentry, who have taken advantage of the situation to make you have no place to reason! "
Ran Wei ba ye
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Chapter 251 Micro-private visit
Chapter 252 exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees
Land annexation!
Shi Min suddenly thought of such a thing!
Land annexation means that land is increasingly in the hands of a few big landlords and bureaucrats, while farmers are losing more and more land. Land annexation is a stubborn disease that is difficult to cure in the central part of feudal society.
In order to own more land, the big landlords resorted to all kinds of despicable means, especially in the disaster years, so that farmers who owned land could sell their land and property and become tenants!
Shi Min knew that land annexation was indispensable in all dynasties, especially at the end of a dynasty, when the contradiction between farmers, landlords, officials and gentry became more and more fierce and the polarization reached irreconcilable levels, a peasant uprising would break out.
The yellow turban insurrectionary uprising in late Han Dynasty, Huang Chao uprising in late Tang Dynasty, Li Zicheng uprising in late Gao Xianzhi uprising, etc. These peasant uprisings were all due to the uneven land distribution and the poor polarization between the rich and the poor.
Don’t be too big.
As we all know, land annexation, natural disasters, court corruption, corvee taxation, peasant uprising and the rise of Manchu Dynasty led to the demise of the Great Empire.
And land merger plays a leading role in this process, and leaving is the root cause of the great extinction!
In fact, the mode of land annexation was initiated from the great power emperor Zhu Yuanzhang’s sealing Sun Wang. After the middle period, the royal family, eunuchs, officials at all levels and landlords frantically annexed land. At this time, the court failed to take effective measures to stop corruption, which led to more and more farmers shaking the cornerstone and causing natural disasters.
As a result of land annexation, farmers were forced to enter the grassland in the north to cultivate land, which reduced the ecological balance of rodents. With the arrival of the ice age, unprecedented drought continued to appear, and the court failed to organize effective disaster relief and increased the corvee tax, which made the famine more serious. Farmers everywhere rose up and fought for a way out.
In order to wipe out the peasant uprising, the imperial court imposed taxes, which led to the famine. The more peasant insurgents were suppressed, the greater the state treasury was, which led to the collapse of the Liaodong defense line.
The continuous looting in the Qing Dynasty added frost to the snow
After the farmers in the north reclaimed grassland and destroyed the ecological environment, the rats in the north started a long-distance migration and fled into Shanxi and Hebei, where the drought was the most serious, and the Manchu plundered ten rooms and nine famines, and the plague ran rampant and died.
What is even more deadly is that the soldiers were infected with the plague and the army was greatly reduced, which led to the collapse of the border defense in Shanxi and Hebei!
The peasant uprising army entered Beijing directly from Shanxi on the 10th.
All rats ruin the solution
If the land was merged, there would not be so many refugees, and there would not be frequent uprisings among the victims when natural disasters came, which led to the empty money of the state treasury to resist the Manchu Dynasty and the rise of the Manchu Dynasty.
There would be no peasants in the south, rats in the north and plague in the south. The death of the people and the loss of military power accelerated the great extinction, but man-made disasters were the root.
Therefore, land merger triggered a chain reaction, which played a leading role, and land merger was the root cause of the great extinction.
Now, in fact, the situation of land annexation in the state of Zhao is very serious. If you don’t reconcile it, you will be afraid that a thousand miles of embankment will collapse in the ant nest!
In recent years, the peasant uprising in the state of Zhao has been continuous. In addition to the disaster year, I am afraid that there will be land mergers.
Shi Min and his party came to a poor family after a short rest!
This is really a family.
Two thatched huts and a toilet don’t even have the simplest fence, and there are some simple frames.
"Hello?" Shi Min civilly to the door.
At this time, a young girl came out of the room and looked out. Maybe she was afraid of strangers and didn’t dare to go out of the house. Instead, she asked through the worn door panel, "What can I do for you?"
Looking at the girl like a frightened deer, Shi Min was a little funny and shook his head. "We are passers-by and want to go to your house to ask for a bowl of water to drink?"
"Oh, come on in."
Girls still have some defensive psychology. It seems that adults are not at home, but in this era, people’s hearts are still simple and everyone has not so many barriers.
People who want to stay overnight or beg for a bowl of water will generally not refuse to come to their host’s house.
Shi Min and other four people sat down and the girl took out several bowls of water and put them in front of them.
"Girl, your adult? "Asked Shi Minfa.
The girl was very alert, but when she heard Shi Min’s question, she answered honestly, "Dad went to work in the city."
Shi Min nodded nothing.
After a long time, Shi Min drank water and felt hungry, so he asked Chen Changsheng to take out some cakes and put them on the table.
The girl is estimated to have never seen such a delicate cake in her life, let alone eaten it. The girl who smells the aroma of tempting mercy from the cake is a little intoxicated. Looking at the cake, her eyes unconsciously emit a hot belly, which is also inappropriate for the city to cry.
Shi Min smiled and immediately picked up a piece of mung bean cake and handed it to the girl to eat.
The girl hesitated for a moment and then grabbed the cake and wolfed it down.
"Slow down, there’s more." Shi Min sighed.